Chủ đề Môi trường là mối quan tâm hàng đầu của hội sĩ tử IELTS vì chủ đề này xuất hiện thường xuyên trong cả bốn phần thi. Quen thuộc nhất có lẽ là trong hai phần thi Speaking và Writing khi thí sinh thường được yêu cầu bày tỏ ý kiến về những tác động của hoạt động con người đến thế giới tự nhiên, hành động vì môi trường của cá nhân, hay chính sách của chính phủ để ứng phó với biến đổi khí hậu,…
Cùng IPS tổng hợp 100 từ vựng thông dụng chủ đề Nature & Environment mức độ B1 & B2 giúp bạn ghi điểm trong bài thi IELTS. Ghi nhớ dễ dàng hơn khi học kèm ví dụ minh hoạ nhé!
STT | Từ vựng | Phiên âm | Nghĩa tiếng Việt | Ví dụ |
1 | agriculture (n) | /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/ | ngành nông nghiệp | Agriculture is still largely based on traditional methods in some countries. |
2 | aid (n, v) | /eɪd/ | viện trợ, nguồn viện trợ | A regular flow of humanitarian aid (viện trợ nhân đạo) into Gaza is now desperately needed. |
3 | alternative fuel (n) | /ɔːlˌtɜːnətɪv ˈfjuːəl/ | nguyên liệu thay thế | Biodiesel is a clean-burning alternative fuel. |
4 | avalanche (n) | /ˈævəlɑːnʃ/ | tuyết lở | The decline of agriculture in mountainous regions has led to an increase in the number of avalanches. |
5 | biofuel (n) | /ˈbaɪəʊfjuːəl/ | nhiên liệu sinh học | Biofuels produce fewer carbon emissions than fossil fuels, thereby reducing air pollution. |
6 | biome (n) | /ˈbaɪəʊm/ | quần thể sinh vật | Rainforests are the oldest living biomes on Earth. |
7 | cage (n, v) | /keɪdʒ/ | lồng nhốt động vật, bỏ lồng | Whether in zoos or factory farms, caged and abused animals need our help. |
8 | cable (n) | /ˈkeɪbl/ | dây cáp | These fiber-optic cables (dây cáp quang) can carry telephone calls and computer data. |
9 | carbon dioxide (n) | /ˌkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd/ | khí CO2 | Hotter days could be ahead as the carbon dioxide levels in Earth’s atmosphere continue to rise. |
10 | carbon footprint (n) | /ˌkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/ | dấu chân carbon, khí thải nhà kính | Lowering your carbon footprint can be done by reducing your waste, eating fewer animal products, and traveling smarter. |
11 | clean up (phr. v), clean-up (n) | /ˈkliːn ʌp/ | dọn dẹp | Residents have called for a clean-up campaign to keep their streets free from rubbish. |
12 | climate action (n) | /ˈklaɪmət ækʃn/ | hành động vì khí hậu | A growing number of people believe that further climate actions must be taken. |
13 | climate crisis/climate emergency (n) | /ˈklaɪmət kraɪsɪs/, /ˈklaɪmət ɪmɜːdʒənsi/ | cuộc khủng hoảng khí hậu, tình trạng khẩn cấp về khí hậu | 2023 smashed the record for world’s hottest year, an alarming sign of the climate crisis we are in. |
14 | coastline (n) | /ˈkəʊstlaɪn/ | đường bờ biển | Measures were taken to protect the coastline from the oil spillage (sự cố tràn dầu). |
15 | commercial farming (n) | /kəˌmɜːʃl ˈfɑːmɪŋ/ | nông nghiệp thương mại | In commercial farming, crops are harvested and sold in the world markets. |
16 | conservation (n) | /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/, /ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃn/ | sự bảo tồn | The Indochinese tigers, classified as endangered 1B in Vietnam, are included in the national conservation program. |
17 | consume (v), consumption (n) | /kənˈsjuːm/, /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ | tiêu thụ,sức tiêu thụ | 25% of the world’s population consumes 80% of the planet’s resources;Gas and oil consumption always increases in cold weather. |
18 | coral (n) | /ˈkɒrəl/, /ˈkɔːrəl/ | san hô | Scientists study the ecology of Madagascar to learn how the warmer ocean affects the coral reefs (rặng san hô). |
19 | creature (n) | /ˈkriːtʃə(r)/ | sinh vật | Humans share the land with all living creatures and have a duty to preserve their habitat. |
20 | crop (n) | /krɒp/, /krɑːp/ | mùa vụ | Rice is a staple crop for more than half of the world’s population. |
21 | current (n) | /ˈkʌrənt/, /ˈkɜːrənt/ | dòng nước | Changes in ocean currents can have drastic effects on marine life. |
22 | cyclone / hurricane / typhoon (n) | /ˈsaɪkləʊn/, /ˈhʌrɪkən/ /ˈhɜːrəkeɪn/, /taɪˈfuːn/ | các từ chỉ bão nhiệt đới mạnh | The hottest time of year coincides with the typhoon season. |
23 | deforestation (n) | /ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ | nạn phá rừng | Deforestation leads to more landslides during heavy rains. |
24 | die out (phr. v) | /daɪ aʊt/ | chết dần chết mòn | Many species of big cats are dying out because of habitat loss. |
25 | disaster area (n) | /dɪˈzɑːstər eəriə/ | khu vực thảm họa | After the hurricane, the state was declared a disaster area. |
26 | diversity (n) | /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ | sự đa dạng | Vietnam is in world’s top 16 countries with the richest biodiversity (đa dạng sinh học). |
27 | domestic (adj) | /dəˈmestɪk/ | nuôi nhà | Most domestic cats hate getting wet. |
28 | drought (n) | /draʊt/ | hạn hán | The country’s entire grain harvest has been hit by drought. |
29 | dump (v) | /dʌmp/ | đổ đi, bỏ đi | 90% of American rubbish is dumped in landfill sites. |
30 | earthquake (n) | /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ | động đất | The earthquake measured 68 on the Richter scale. |
31 | eco-friendly / environmentally friendly (adj) | /ˌiːkəʊ ˈfrendli/, /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəli ˈfrendli/ | thân thiện với môi trường | Instead of plastic bags, he takes an eco-friendly reusable canvas shopper. |
32 | ecosystem (n) | /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ | hệ sinh thái | The region’s ecosystem is fragile and would suffer enormous damage if an oil tanker sank or leaked. |
33 | emission (n) | /ɪˈmɪʃn/ | khí thải độc hại | Many countries are reluctant to cut emissions if it means sacrificing economic growth. |
34 | endangered (adj) | /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ | bị đe dọa, có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng | The sea turtle is an endangered species. |
35 | energy-saving (adj) | /ˈenədʒi seɪvɪŋ/ | tiết kiệm năng lượng | Higher energy prices are a motivation for energy-saving innovations. |
36 | environmental (adj) | /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ | thuộc về môi trường | We are seeing ever-increasing levels of environmental degradation. |
37 | erosion (n) | /ɪˈrəʊʒn/ | tình trạng xói mòn | Cutting down forest trees can lead to serious soil erosion. |
38 | erupt (v),eruption (n) | /ɪˈrʌpt/,/ɪˈrʌpʃn/ | (núi lửa) phun trào | Since the volcano last erupted/the volcano’s last eruption, many houses have been built in a dangerous position on its slopes. |
39 | extinct (adj),extinction (n) | /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/, /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ | (tình trạng) tuyệt chủng | A comet colliding with the earth may have caused the mass extinction of the dinosaurs/ led to the dinosaurs becoming extinct. |
40 | farmland (n) | /ˈfɑːmlænd/ | đất nông nghiệp | Landslides can bury farmland under debris, making it unsuitable for cultivation. |
41 | fish farm (n) | /ˈfɪʃ fɑːm/ | ao thả cá | About 43% of all fish eaten around the world are raised on fish farms, according to a U.N. report. |
42 | flood (n, v)flooding (n) | /flʌd/,/ˈflʌdɪŋ/ | lũ lụt, ngập lụt | Several families living by the river were flooded out (= forced to leave their houses due to flood). |
43 | food chain (n) | /ˈfuːd tʃeɪn/ | chuỗi thức ăn | Corn has many uses throughout the food chain as feed for animals and as an ingredient on its own. |
44 | fossil fuel (n) | /ˈfɒsl fjuːəl/,/ˈfɑːsl fjuːəl/ | nhiên liệu hóa thạch | Fossil fuel reserves are rapidly being depleted. |
45 | fuel (n) | /ˈfjuːəl/ | nhiên liệu | Most of the houses are heated with solid fuel (= wood, coal, etc.). |
46 | freshwater (adj) | /ˈfreʃwɔːtə(r)/ | nước ngọt | They sell freshwater and marine fish for aquariums. |
47 | generate (v) | /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ | tạo ra (điện,…) | The wind turbines are used to generate electricity. |
48 | genetically modified (GM) (adj) | /dʒəˌnetɪkli ˈmɒdɪfaɪd/ | biến đổi gen | Genetic modification can produce more nutritious food that also tastes better and requires fewer pesticides. |
49 | geographical (adj) | /ˌdʒiːəˈɡræfɪkl/ | thuộc về địa lý | The importance of the town is due to its geographical location. |
50 | glacier (n) | /ˈɡlæsiə(r)/ | băng trôi | Global warming is causing glaciers to melt. |
51 | global heating /global warming (n) | /ˌɡləʊbl ˈhiːtɪŋ/, /ˌɡləʊbl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ | tình trạng nóng lên toàn cầu | Scientists fear that global warming has gone beyond the point of no return. |
52 | go green (v phr.) | /ɡəʊ ɡriːn/ | trở nên thân thiện hơn với môi trường | A lot of building material manufacturers are going green by using recycled and sustainable products. |
53 | grassland (n) | /ˈɡrɑːslænd/ | đồng cỏ | The lion adapted itself to dry, open grassland where a yellow coat was most effective. |
54 | green belt (n) | /ˈɡriːn belt/ | vành đai xanh | Over 20,000 trees were planted in Pleiku, Gia Lai Province in 2019 in an effort to create a green belt. |
55 | greenhouse (n) | /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/ | nhà kính | The burning of fossil fuels for electricity largely contributes to the greenhouse effect. |
56 | habitat (n) | /ˈhæbɪtæt/ | môi trường sống | The panda’s natural habitat is the bamboo forest. |
57 | highland (n, adj) | /ˈhaɪlənd/ | (thuộc về) vùng cao nguyên | The central highland region is temperate, and nights can get chilly. |
58 | hydroelectric (adj) | /ˌhaɪdrəʊɪˈlektrɪk/ | thủy điện | A hydroelectric plant (nhà máy thủy điện) is expensive to build but cheap to run. |
59 | landfall/landslide (n) | /ˈlændfɔːl/, /ˈlændslaɪd/ | lở đất | The house was buried beneath a landslide. |
60 | landfill (n) | /ˈlændfɪl/ | bãi rác | Landfill space is shrinking while the quantity of waste generation continues to expand. |
61 | landscape (n) | /ˈlændskeɪp/ | cảnh quan | The impact of farming on the natural landscape has increased greatly. |
62 | lava (n) | /ˈlɑːvə/ | dung nham (từ núi lửa) | When the lava entered the ocean, much of the marine life was boiled alive. |
63 | lowland (n, adj) | /ˈləʊlənd/ | đồng bằng, đất thấp | Technical change in lowland areas has significantly increased demand for labor on lowland farms. |
64 | mammal (n) | /ˈmæml/ | động vật có vú | The platypus is a mammal that lays eggs, which is uncommon for mammals. |
65 | map (v) | /mæp/ | tạo lập bản đồ | New technology is making it easier to survey, map, and analyze natural resources. |
66 | mate (n, v) | /meɪt/ | bạn tình, động vật giao phối | Peacocks spread their beautiful tails to attract mates. |
67 | migrate (v) | /maɪˈɡreɪt/ | di cư | The little Arctic tern (chim Nhàn Bắc Cực) is the bird that migrates the farthest (it can fly from 70,000 to 90,000 km every year!). |
68 | mountainous (adj) | /ˈmaʊntənəs/ | nhiều đồi núi | Many plants struggle to survive in mountainous areas. |
69 | national park (n) | /ˌnæʃnəl ˈpɑːk/ | vườn quốc gia | UNESCO-recognised Phong Nha – Ke Bang national park is home to some of the world’s largest caves. |
70 | non-renewable (adj) | /ˌnɒn rɪˈnjuːəbl/ | không thể tái tạo | Fossil fuels are non-renewable and rapidly running out. |
71 | nuclear energy / nuclear power (adj) | /ˌnjuːkliər ˈenədʒi/, /ˌnjuːkliə ˈpaʊə(r)/ | năng lượng hạt nhân | Nuclear energy benefits because nuclear generation does not require oil, gas or coal from foreign sources. |
72 | organic (adj) | /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ | hữu cơ | Organic produce is purchased fresh from farmers. |
73 | pesticide (n) | /ˈpestɪsaɪd/ | thuốc trừ sâu | The pesticides that farmers spray on their crops kill pests, but they can also damage people’s health. |
74 | poisonous (adj) | /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ | độc | The Black Widow is a tiny spider with a poisonous bite. |
75 | pollute (v),polluter (n) | /pəˈluːt/,/pəˈluːtə(r)/ | (người, nguồn) gây ô nhiễm | The fertilizers and pesticides used on many farms are polluting the water supply/are the biggest water supply polluters. |
76 | power plant /power station (n) | /ˈpaʊə plɑːnt/,/ˈpaʊə steɪʃn/ | nhà máy điện | Thermal power plants (Nhà máy nhiệt điện) generate electricity by converting heat into electricity. |
77 | preserve/reserve (n) | /prɪˈzɜːv/, /rɪˈzɜːv/ | khu bảo tồn | The area has been designated a nature reserve. |
78 | produce (n) | /ˈprɒdjuːs/,/ˈprəʊduːs/,/ˈprɑːduːs/ | nông sản | Buying local produce from local markets can help reduce packaging waste. |
79 | producer (n) | /prəˈdjuːsə(r)/ | nhà sản xuất | China and India are the top 2 world’s largest producers of rice due to their billion population. |
80 | protection (n) | /prəˈtekʃn/ | sự bảo vệ | Animal protection supporters gathered to protest against hunting. |
81 | relief (n) | /rɪˈliːf/ | cứu trợ (thiên tai…) | An effective multinational force will help speed the delivery of humanitarian relief. |
82 | renewable (adj) | /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ | có thể tái tạo | They promote the use of renewable resources like soybean oil. |
83 | reptile (n) | /ˈreptaɪl/,/ˈreptl/ | bò sát | Reptiles are cold-blooded animals – they need the sun to stay warm. |
84 | resource (n) | /rɪˈsɔːs/, /rɪˈzɔːs/ | tài nguyên | Shrimp farming competes with rice production for land and water resources. |
85 | saltwater (n) | /ˈsɔːltwɔːtə(r)/ | nước mặn | The white spot disease is by far the most common and fatal disease to infect fish and saltwater aquariums. |
86 | shock (n) | /ʃɒk/, /ʃɑːk/ | chấn động (của vụ nổ, động đất,…) | The shock of the explosion could be felt six miles away. |
87 | shore (n) | /ʃɔː(r)/ | bờ (sông, biển, hồ,…) | Rubbish of all sorts is washed up on the shore. |
88 | solar (adj) | /ˈsəʊlə(r)/ | dùng năng lượng mặt trời | Solar panels (Pin mặt trời) are used to power satellites. |
89 | species (n) | /ˈspiːʃiːz/ | giống loài, chủng loại | The effect of climate change on species richness was evaluated. |
90 | stream (n) | /striːm/ | dòng suối | Our rivers and streams are polluted with a host of chemicals. |
91 | sustainable (adj) | /səˈsteɪnəbl/ | bền vững, ít gây hại cho môi trường | The website encourages sustainable fashion through swapping. |
92 | tropical (adj) | /ˈtrɒpɪkl/,/ˈtrɑːpɪkl/ | nhiệt đới | The Amazon river basin contains the world’s largest tropical rainforest. |
93 | tsunami (n) | /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ | sóng thần | In 2004 an earthquake triggered a tsunami that destroyed entire communities in Indonesia. |
94 | turbine (n) | /ˈtɜːbaɪn/ | tua bin điện | A one-megawatt turbine can produce enough electricity annually to meet the needs of 700 households. |
95 | venom (n) | /ˈvenəm/ | nọc độc | The snake injects the venom immediately after biting its prey. |
96 | vet/veterinarian (n) | /vet/,/ˌvetərɪˈneəriən/ | bác sỹ thú y | The farmer called the vet out to treat a sick cow. |
97 | volcanic (adj),volcano (n) | /vɒlˈkænɪk/, /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ | núi lửa, bị ảnh hưởng bởi núi lửa | The island is volcanic and the sand on the beaches has turned black. |
98 | waste (n) | /weɪst/ | chất thải | The private sector plays a significant role in waste management. |
99 | wildlife (n) | /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ | động vật hoang dã | The forest is home to a wealth of wildlife. |
100 | woodland (adj) | /ˈwʊdlənd/ | rừng | These ancient woodlands are under threat from new road developments. |